TNF and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes increased TLR4-mediated inflammation, whereas DP inhibited the protein expression of the TLR4 pathway (TLR4, Myd88, IRAK1, and TRAF6) and reduced the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α and the protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2.