INS and Cognitive impairment: The abnormal microstructure of diabetes-related cognitive impairment is related to pathological disorders of endocrine profile (Sanjari Moghaddam et al., 2019), including glucose toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, blood-brain barrier destruction, and cerebral macro- and microvascular disease (Viazzi et al., 2017), leading to the disintegration and destruction of the myelin sheath and causing changes in cognitive function (Strachan et al., 2011).