In contrast, transcript expression of the TNF-α receptors TNFR1 (Tnfrsf1a) and TNFR2 (Tnfrsf1b) were not altered in the brain following infection (Fig. 8L, M), suggesting that enhanced TNF-α signaling in this setting is mediated primarily through induction of cytokine expression. Here, TNFRSF1A is linked to infection.