This protective effect of adiponectin on type 2 diabetes was attributed to anti-inflammatory properties and improvement in insulin sensitivity53, which were mediated by suppression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)54, inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in macrophages55, improved expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and promotion to macrophage transformation from M1 to M256. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.