In another recent study of CKD patients, higher serum concentrations of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) were independently associated with a composite kidney endpoint that included renal replacement therapy, a 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, or death due to kidney disease69, likely mediated by the pro-inflammatory and/or pro-oxidative effects of NTBI. The gene discussed is TF; the disease is chronic kidney disease.