Olfr78 will activate adenylate cyclase type 3 and Golf in the olfactory signaling pathway to induce cAMP production; while Gpr41/43 activates Gαi and/or Gαo to decrease cAMP.139 Therefore, activation of Olfr78 increases hypertension by facilitating the release of renin, while activation of Gpr41 and Gpr43 counteract the hypertensive effect of Olfr78.140 These data reinforce the important role of microbiota in blood pressure control and CVD progression. Here, FFAR3 is linked to hypertensive disorder.