MAP1LC3A and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Results from Western blotting showed that penfluridol concentration-dependently induced LC3-II formation and caspase-3 activation in 786-O, A498, and Caki-1 ccRCC cells, and the dominant inducing effects of LC3 turnover and caspase-3 cleavage were respectively observed at 5 and 7.5 μM of penfluridol treatment (Fig. 3A).