DDIT3 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: UPR-related chaperone proteins and other UPR-related markers in penfluridol-treated ccRCC cells (786-O and A498) were evaluated by a Western blot analysis which showed that penfluridol treatment caused concentration (2.5, 5, and 7.5 μM)- and time-dependent (4, 8, and 24 h) induction of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expressions, and phosphorylation (p) of eIF2α (Fig. 2E and F).