The standard chronic heart failure treatments, which are angiotensin II-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and aldosterone receptor antagonists, were established more than 10 years ago.6–12 The pathophysiology underlying these therapies, neurohormonal activation in chronic heart failure, was discovered even longer ago. This evidence concerns the gene NR3C2 and congestive heart failure.