Mutations in the TGF-β pathway in the head and neck, bladder, and endometrial adenocarcinomas occur in 10% to 20% of cases, compared to 25% to 50% of subjects in gastrointestinal cancer (esophageal, CRC and PDA) [111, 112, 115, 116]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.