PPARD and myocardial ischemia: To determine the role of PPARβ/δ on the anti-apoptotic properties of MSC on stressed cardiomyocytes, we co-cultured in transwell systems naïve MSC and MSC activated or inhibited for PPARβ/δ with the H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell line, considered as a suitable model to study cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury [47].