Variants on genes associated with vitamin D activity [19], immunoregulatory responses [22], susceptibility to stress [23], telomere length [24], DNA repair [28], adiponectin levels [27], the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway [35] and microRNA (miRNA) binding sites [36, 37] were all included by different studies based on hypothesised associations with kidney cancer. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and kidney cancer.