IFNB1 and neoplasm: One possible explanation for why CD4 +T cells are not as important for the antitumor effect is that it has been documented that mice vaccinated with IFNa and OVA antigens generate OVA specific CD8 independent of CD4 or CD40.44 This is likely because Alb-interferons cause maturation of DCs and also provide a third signal to enhance CD8 proliferation.45 We also observed a significant increase of the antigen-specific CD8 +T cells in the tumor location was observed in tumor bearing mice treated with Alb-IFNβ.