Furthermore, administrating Alb-IFNβ as an adjuvant to a clinical grade therapeutic HPV protein-based vaccine, TA-CIN, for the treatment of HPV-associated TC-1 tumors resulted in a significant reduction in TC-1 tumor burden, improved overall survival, and upregulation of E7-specific CD8 +T cell and DC activities. This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.