On the contrary, either increasing active IL-1 via injection of exogenous IL-1β, or reducing IL-1Ra, can result in plaque growth and exacerbation of atherosclerosis.354 Based on the above findings, the anti-inflammatory antithrombotic outcomes study of canakinumab aimed to demonstrate the role of the IL-1 signal pathway in atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and atherosclerosis.