APOE and atherosclerosis: PCSK9 vaccines AT04A and alirocumab decreased levels of serum cholesterol, reduced vascular and systemic inflammation, and limited atherosclerosis development.225,226 The PCSK9 vaccine Qβ-003 was recently reported to obviously decrease LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) and to reduce the lesion size in ApoE−/− mice.