APOE and atherosclerosis: The CD8+ T cell in human and mouse atherosclerosis revealed activated, cytotoxic, dysfunctional, and exhausted cell phenotypes.90 CD8+ Treg cells play a protective effect in advanced atherosclerosis through limiting increases in Th1 cells and macrophages.91 In addition, adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells promote the protective effects of peptide immunization on atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice.92