Moreover, DE down genes were enriched in insulin resistance, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and glucagon signaling pathways and DE up genes were enriched in cholesterol metabolism, type II diabetes mellitus, and PPAR signaling pathways in ConvR mice only (Figure 5C,D), suggesting that LS treatment regulates the above pathways dependent on the gut microbiota. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.