Although the direct effect of vitamin D on JIA synovial fibroblasts has not yet been investigated, the presence of suboptimal levels of vitamin D reduces the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, and upregulates the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL ratio in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes, inhibiting inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis [73]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11B and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.