INS and gestational diabetes: It has also been reported that impaired fasting blood glucose, elevated fasting insulin and dyslipidemia prior to pregnancy are associated with GDM, and in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 26.7% of overweight women with one or more cardiometabolic disease risk factors developed GDM compared to 7.4% with no risk factors [50].