Altogether, the study suggests that (1) high levels of BCAAs and altered transcription of the BCAA genes are induced by the metabolic disorder associated with T2D; (2) the oral glucose tolerant test may be used to detect altered metabolism of BCAAs; (3) targeting the PGC-1α gene may improve the deranged metabolism of BCAAs. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.