INS and diabetes mellitus: Although the general characteristics such as gender, age, duration of diabetes, body mas index, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and treatment of diabetes (diet, oral agents, or insulin) did not show significant differences between the anti-CD38 autoantibody positive and negative type 2 diabetes patients, there was an inverse correlation between the age of onset of diabetes and the relative value of the anti-CD38 autoantibody (p = 0.0002, r = −0.513) [30].