HIF1A and renal fibrosis: KLF5 has been linked to the development of renal fibrosis through stimulation of the HIF-1α-KLF5-TGF-β1 pathway [119], and silencing of the protein has relieved renal fibrosis produced by high-dose MK-treated HK-2 cells by lowering TGF-β and fibronectin expression [119].