In particular, 7 out of the 12 DE miRNAs detected in total plasma and 12 out of the 37 DE miRNAs detected in EVs (Table 3) were found to be involved in key pathways implicated in GDM and type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology, such as the insulin signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) signaling pathway. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.