As we and others have previously reported, activation of the ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathways by NI-hADSC-CM appears to bring about the upregulated expression of proteins related to neuronal differentiation, such as neuron-specific class III β-tubulin (Tuj1) in neuroblastoma cells [4,53,75]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to neuroblastoma.