ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Currently, to treat advanced-stage patients with reimbursed drugs in Europe, four molecular alterations are considered as the minimum requirement in the diagnostic flow of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements, and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations [1].