MMP9 and colitis: Moreover, DPG can also improve colonic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mice model through downregulation of the pro-inflammatory genes (CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, PTGS2, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL12, and CCL7), and upregulation of genes involved in healing (COL3A1, MMP9, VTN, PLAUR, SERPINE, CSF3, FGF2, FGF7, PLAT, and TIMP1), which contribute to accelerating intestinal mucosa repair in induced colitis [73].