VEGFA and cancer: The cellular components of TME include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid, lymphoid, endothelial, and stromal cells, while non-cellular components comprise of soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, various growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), platelet-derived growth factor (PGDF), B-cell activating factors, and others.