Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt, hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways have been proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis by orchestrating the functions of effector cells (e.g., epithelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts) [36]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.