TGF-β signalling activation in tumour microenvironments induces CMS4 mesenchymal phenotype (Malignant CRC phenotype), which is linked to worsening outcomes, via differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to cancer-associated fibroblast, induction of JAK/STAT pathway, and suppression of tumour immunity [28,29]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.