TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: However, as RA is an autoimmune disease, the related studies are still mostly focused on inflammatory factors [8,9,10], such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and pathways to explore the possibility of alleviating RA [11].