In the GO analysis for molecular function, DLK2 may positively regulate the genes participating in the extracellular matrix structural constituent, structural constituent of ribosome, glycosaminoglycan binding, DNA-binding transcription repressor activity (RNA polymerase II-specific), cytokine binding, receptor ligand activity, and DNA-binding transcription activator activity (RNA polymerase II-specific) (Figure 8B), and the cell molecular functions for cysteine-type peptidase activity/ligase activiy/cofactor binding may be negatively modulated by DLK2 in ccRCC. This evidence concerns the gene DLK2 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.