Of note, the differentially expressed upregulated genes such as BATF2, C1QB, CAMP, CASP5, FCGR1A, FCGR1B, FCGR1C, GBP1, GBP6, IFIT3, and P2RY14, and the downregulated genes CD19, CD27, CD79A, CXCR3, CXCR5, GZMK, TCF7, ID3, and TCF7, derived from Malawi and South African cohorts, were consistent and comparable with blood transcriptome profile of tuberculosis and tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidity studied in Indian population [52]. Here, CASP5 is linked to diabetes mellitus.