In 1986, two independent research groups identified amylin, also known as diabetes-associated peptide (DAP) or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), as the major component of pancreatic islet amyloid deposits [1,2], which had been a known pathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes (2DM) and feline diabetes since the early 20th century [3,4]. The gene discussed is IAPP; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.