Caspase-1 is activated in the inflammasome complex when the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 is activated by large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from fatty acids, ceramides, or glucose [37,38], all of which are immune sensors that link dietary stress to obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, NLRP3 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.