ACE and acute kidney injury: Although intensive RAS inhibition appears to have deleterious effects in hospitalized patients, and probably in the setting of cardiac catheterization and PCI [56,57], the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Receiving Cardiac Catheterization (CAPTAIN) trial failed to demonstrate a difference in CA-AKI occurrence between patients who continued and patients who discontinued RAS inhibitor treatment before coronary angiography (18.4% vs. 10.9%, respectively; hazard ratio (HR): 0.59; 95% CI 0.30–1.19; p = 0.16) [58].