Besides the well-described associations with inflammation and kidney function, NGAL is also produced by cardiomyocytes and increased gene expressions were observed in various pathological cardiac processes such as chronic heart failure [18], myocarditis [22], and chronic coronary artery disease [23], with even higher levels in acute myocardial infarction probably reflecting an ischemic inflammatory reaction [10]. Here, LCN2 is linked to congestive heart failure.