TLR3 and cancer: While clinical applications of poly(I:C), i.e., as part of peri-interventional conditioning strategies, are improbable due to its toxic effects in vivo, it seems that the pharmacological barrier for the clinical application of a TLR3 agonists has been surpassed: currently, a TLR3 agonist is being investigated in multiple phase II trials as a new oncological immunotherapy for the treatment of different cancers, such as melanoma [21].