For example, a study by Ikeda et al. involving 1643 chronic hepatitis C patients (1191 treated with IFN therapy and 452 without IFN therapy) found the rate of 10-year cumulative HCC incidence to be 12.0% in untreated patients, 15.0% in IFN therapy non-responders, 2.0% in incomplete responders who did not achieve SVR but achieved normal ALT levels, and 1.5% in patients who achieved SVR [17]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.