The systemic inflammatory response mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-18, and transforming growth factor-β or collagen destructive enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), has been found to be responsible for aggravation of OA and COPD [22,23]. Here, MMP9 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.