Given the importance of type I IFN in T1D [34], determination of the time-dependent role of these cytokines is therapeutically crucial, the more so since the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib, a small molecule targeting the JAK transcription factor downstream of the IFN-α receptor (IFNAR), is currently being investigated in new-onset T1D patients (NCT04774224). This evidence concerns the gene IFNAR1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.