Consistent with in vitro findings, several studies using animal models have revealed that RA and its derivatives have potential in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, including suppression of NLRP3 activation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [11], improvement of dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice [18], and alleviation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats [19]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is ulcerative colitis.