CXCL8 and cardiovascular disorder: With the inflammatory stimulus of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent TLR activator, VSMCs are activated and subsequently express proinflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-8, thereby contributing to VSMC injury and cardiovascular diseases [6,7].