The second major finding of this study is that depression is accompanied by increased production of the Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, and Treg cytokines and partial activation of the M1 phenotype (increased production of TNF-α, sIL-1RA, and CXCL8) as compared with healthy controls. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is depressive symptom measurement.