Insulin resistance can be assessed by (i) HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance): calculated as the insulin level in mIU/L times glucose in mg/dl, divided by 405; and (ii) the Matsuda index as a measure of whole-body insulin resistance, calculated as 10,000 divided by the square root of FPG × fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI) × 2 h post-load glucose × 2 h post load IRI. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.