MDC1 and cancer: Among cases negative for RET/RAS alterations (group termed “other genes”; Figure 1), mutations in other cancer-relevant genes have been reported (Figure 2A), such as in the tumor suppressors TP53 and APC, known thyroid-cancer-related genes (TSHR, BRAF, and EIF1AX), tyrosine kinase receptors (EPHA3 and KIT), DNA damage response genes (CHK2, MSH6, MSH2, ATM, and MDC1), and other less common genes.