Among cases negative for RET/RAS alterations (group termed “other genes”; Figure 1), mutations in other cancer-relevant genes have been reported (Figure 2A), such as in the tumor suppressors TP53 and APC, known thyroid-cancer-related genes (TSHR, BRAF, and EIF1AX), tyrosine kinase receptors (EPHA3 and KIT), DNA damage response genes (CHK2, MSH6, MSH2, ATM, and MDC1), and other less common genes. The gene discussed is MSH2; the disease is thyroid gland carcinoma.