The expression of VCAN and biglycan is upregulated by TGFβ in cells of mesenchymal origin both in normal and pathological conditions, such as HCC, wherein stromal cells, mainly cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), display a sustained secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including proteoglycans [53,126,127,128]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAN and cancer.