The expression of VCAN and biglycan is upregulated by TGFβ in cells of mesenchymal origin both in normal and pathological conditions, such as HCC, wherein stromal cells, mainly cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), display a sustained secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including proteoglycans [53,126,127,128]. Here, VCAN is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.