Musclin, a recently characterized myokine encoded by the Ostn gene, has been shown not only to enhance aerobic capacity through the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis (via the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC1-a)), but also to be implicated in cancer-related muscle cachexia [69]. This evidence concerns the gene OSTN and Cachexia.