Since then, several aptamers have entered clinical trials to be used as therapeutics for cancer: AS1411 (target nucleolin) and NOX-A12 (target CXCL12) in phase II, and AX102 (target PDGF-B), xPSM-A10 (target PSMA), HB5 (target HER2), HeA2_3 (target HER2), MP7 (target PD-L1), and aptPD-L1 in preclinical trials [96]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and cancer.