IRS1 and metabolic disease: Yan et al. found that the anti-inflammatory effect of mulberry was related to the improvement of metabolic disorders related to obesity, which was beneficial to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) [40].