Transcranial direct current stimulation has been observed to induce astrocyte activation at least in superficial cortical layers in the physiological state [19], but also to influence the activation of astrocyte in an MCAO model of ischemia in mice, by decreasing GFAP expression and GFAP+ cell density and body size in the perilesional region [40]. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is ischemia.