Across all comparisons between clinical outcomes, the investigated biomarkers did not show a statistically significant difference in their performances between the full cohort and the sub-cohort excluding comorbidities (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia), except for GDF-15 that exhibited a significantly higher AUC in the sub-cohort excluding comorbidities. Here, GDF15 is linked to diabetes mellitus.