APP and Alzheimer disease: Furthermore, scRNA-seq has provided deeper insights into microglial states in 5xFAD transgenic mice, a mouse model for familial AD containing transgenes for human Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) with 5 AD-linked mutations, and has revealed the emergence of DAMs with a unique gene expression profile characterized by the upregulation of genes associated with lipid metabolism and phagocytosis such as Trem2, ApoE, Lpl and Cst7 [43] (Figure 3B).