TNF and tuberculosis: Thus, in the present study, we evaluated proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-15, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α, which are activated by the TLR-2 receptor and mediate important pathways involved in infection control, such as the vitamin-D-dependent antimicrobial pathway, in individuals with different status of TB infection; i.e., active TB, LTBI, or healthy controls.