HIF1A and tuberculosis: To analyze the role of the NF-κB pathway in LTBI, we evaluated the levels of total and phosphorylated NF-κB in cell lysates of PBMCs isolated from individuals with LTBI and patients with active TB before and after HIF-1α blockade with 2-ME, an estradiol metabolite that inhibits the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α [15].