PDCD1 and neoplasm: As mJX-594 markedly increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells in all syngeneic murine cancer cells tested irrespective of their therapeutic efficacy, mouse strain, or tumor immune microenvironment before inoculation, and also increased cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor, we considered mJX-594 to be among the most powerful reagents for converting immune desert or immune-excluded cancers into inflamed ones, thus making them susceptible to ICB therapies, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapies.